ZIO backends¶
The ZIO backends are asynchronous. Sending a request is a non-blocking, lazily-evaluated operation and results in a response wrapped in a zio.Task
. There’s a transitive dependency on zio
.
Using async-http-client¶
To use, add the following dependency to your project:
"com.softwaremill.sttp.client" %% "async-http-client-backend-zio" % "2.2.3"
This backend depends on async-http-client, uses Netty behind the scenes and supports effect cancellation. This backend works with all Scala versions. A Dotty build is available as well.
Next you’ll need to define a backend instance as an implicit value. This can be done in two basic ways:
- by creating a
Task
which describes how the backend is created, or instantiating the backend directly. In this case, you’ll need to close the backend manually - by creating a
TaskManaged
, which will instantiate the backend and close it after it has been used
A non-comprehensive summary of how the backend can be created is as follows:
import sttp.client._
import sttp.client.asynchttpclient.zio.AsyncHttpClientZioBackend
AsyncHttpClientZioBackend().flatMap { implicit backend => ??? }
// or, if you'd like the backend to be wrapped in a Managed:
AsyncHttpClientZioBackend.managed().use { implicit backend => ??? }
// or, if you'd like to use custom configuration:
import org.asynchttpclient.AsyncHttpClientConfig
val config: AsyncHttpClientConfig = ???
AsyncHttpClientZioBackend.usingConfig(config).flatMap { implicit backend => ??? }
// or, if you'd like to use adjust the configuration sttp creates:
import org.asynchttpclient.DefaultAsyncHttpClientConfig
val sttpOptions: SttpBackendOptions = SttpBackendOptions.Default
val adjustFunction: DefaultAsyncHttpClientConfig.Builder => DefaultAsyncHttpClientConfig.Builder = ???
AsyncHttpClientZioBackend.usingConfigBuilder(adjustFunction, sttpOptions).flatMap { implicit backend => ??? }
// or, if you'd like to instantiate the AsyncHttpClient yourself:
import org.asynchttpclient.AsyncHttpClient
import zio.Runtime
val asyncHttpClient: AsyncHttpClient = ???
val runtime: Runtime[Any] = ???
implicit val backend = AsyncHttpClientZioBackend.usingClient(runtime, asyncHttpClient)
Using HttpClient (Java 11+)¶
To use, add the following dependency to your project:
"com.softwaremill.sttp.client" %% "httpclient-backend-zio" % "2.2.3"
Create the backend using:
import sttp.client.httpclient.zio.HttpClientZioBackend
HttpClientZioBackend().flatMap { implicit backend => ??? }
// or, if you'd like the backend to be wrapped in a Managed:
HttpClientZioBackend.managed().use { implicit backend => ??? }
// or, if you'd like to instantiate the HttpClient yourself:
import java.net.http.HttpClient
val httpClient: HttpClient = ???
implicit val sttpBackend = HttpClientZioBackend.usingClient(httpClient)
This backend is based on the built-in java.net.http.HttpClient
available from Java 11 onwards.
ZIO environment¶
As an alternative to effectfully or resourcefully creating backend instances, ZIO environment can be used. In this case, a type alias is provided for the service definition:
package sttp.client.asynchttpclient.zio
type SttpClient = Has[SttpBackend[Task, Stream[Throwable, Byte], WebSocketHandler]]
// or, when using Java 11 & HttpClient
package sttp.client.httpclient.zio
type SttpClient = Has[SttpBackend[BlockingTask, ZStream[Blocking, Throwable, Byte], NothingT]]
The lifecycle of the SttpClient
service is described by ZLayer
s, which can be created using the .layer
/.layerUsingConfig
/… methods on AsyncHttpClientZioBackend
/ HttpClientZioBackend
.
The SttpClient
companion object contains effect descriptions which use the SttpClient
service from the environment to send requests or open websockets. This is different from sttp usage with other effect libraries (which use an implicit backend when .send()
/.openWebsocket()
is invoked on the request), but is more in line with how other ZIO services work. For example:
import sttp.client._
import sttp.client.asynchttpclient.zio._
import zio._
val request = basicRequest.get(uri"https://httpbin.org/get")
val send: ZIO[SttpClient, Throwable, Response[Either[String, String]]] =
SttpClient.send(request)
Example using websockets:
import sttp.client._
import sttp.client.ws._
import sttp.client.asynchttpclient.zio._
import zio._
val request = basicRequest.get(uri"wss://echo.websocket.org")
val open: ZIO[SttpClient, Throwable, WebSocketResponse[WebSocket[Task]]] =
SttpClient.openWebsocket(request)
Streaming¶
The ZIO based backends support streaming using zio-streams. The following example is using the AsyncHttpClientZioBackend
backend, but works similarly with HttpClientZioBackend
.
The type of supported streams is Stream[Throwable, Byte]
. To leverage ZIO environment, use the SttpClient
object to create request send/websocket open effects.
Requests can be sent with a streaming body:
import sttp.client._
import sttp.client.asynchttpclient.zio._
import zio.stream._
val s: Stream[Throwable, Byte] = ???
val request = basicRequest
.streamBody(s)
.post(uri"...")
SttpClient.send(request)
And receive response bodies as a stream:
import sttp.client._
import sttp.client.asynchttpclient.zio._
import zio._
import zio.stream._
import scala.concurrent.duration.Duration
val request =
basicRequest
.post(uri"...")
.response(asStream[Stream[Throwable, Byte]])
.readTimeout(Duration.Inf)
val response: ZIO[SttpClient, Throwable, Response[Either[String, Stream[Throwable, Byte]]]] = SttpClient.send(request)
Websockets¶
The ZIO backend supports:
- high-level, “functional” websocket interface, through the
ZioWebSocketHandler
from the appropriate package - low-level interface by wrapping a low-level Java interface,
WebSocketHandler
from the appropriate package
See websockets for details on how to use the high-level and low-level interfaces. Websockets
opened using the SttpClient.openWebsocket
and SttpStreamsClient.openWebsocket
(leveraging ZIO environment) always
use the high-level interface.